The transient-based methods and data-driven methods rely on real-time monitoring hydraulic data, with the latter being more seriously dependent on these data. With Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, the transient-based methods and data-driven methods have been popular methods for leak location identification in practical engineering. The representative equipment-based methods include sound-wave detection, the smart ball method, fiber optic cables, thermal imaging technology, etc. The first methods relay information using hardware devices installed in the pipelines, and when leakage occurs, the devices can detect and determine the specific locations of the leaks. Nowadays, the methods for leak identification can be roughly divided into three categories: equipment-based methods, transient-based methods, and data-driven methods. With the developments in science and society, fine management requirements for the water supply industry have been proposed, and the leakage rates are expected to be further decreased to bring more social and economic benefits, with the exception of the District Metering Area (DMA) management, which deducts the metering losses.
China’s Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) jointly issued a notice for strengthening the leakage control of public water supply pipe networks, which requires that the leakage rates of urban public water supply pipe networks nationwide should be controlled to less than 9% by 2025.
The average leakage rates of most countries remain below 10% and even below 5% in Germany and the Netherlands. However, there is still a gap compared to developed European countries. According to the Statistical Yearbook of Urban Water Distribution Networks of China, the average leakage rate, which refers to the proportion of lost water volume to the total water volume entering the distribution network, decreased from 14.57% in 2017 to 12.68% in 2021.
Due to aging, corrosion, and human impacts on pipelines, pipeline leakage accidents occur frequently and result in a series of economic and social problems, such as water pollution and land subsidence. Retrieved from Īuthor(s): Guang Yang Hai Wang (corresponding author) Ī water supply network is an important element of civil infrastructure for meeting the needs for people’s production and living water. APA style: Optimal Pressure Sensor Deployment for Leak Identification in Water Distribution Networks.Optimal Pressure Sensor Deployment for Leak Identification in Water Distribution Networks." Retrieved from MLA style: "Optimal Pressure Sensor Deployment for Leak Identification in Water Distribution Networks." The Free Library.
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